The Structure Of The Brain Essay
Structure of the brain
The brain is made up of 4 main parts and they are:
● the cerebral cortex,
● limbic system,
● the cerebellum
● and the brain stem
The cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is split into two cerebral hemispheres (the left and right hemispheres). Sometimes the right hemisphere is related to creativity and the left hemisphere is related to logic abilities. It is divided into four sections called lobes, the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. This is the largest part of the brain. The cerebral cortex is associated with determining intelligence, influencing your personality, motor function, planning and organization, processing sensory information and language processing. The cerebral cortex has sensory as well as motor areas therefore it is responsible for processing sensory information and motor functionality responses.
The frontal Lobe
The frontal lobe is the biggest lobe. It is involved in motor functions. The frontal lobe helps us to make decisions as well as assisting to solve problems. It is also connected language and speech functions. The frontal lobe is located at the front of that brain. It is also the biggest lobe in the brain. The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important intellectual skills, such as emotional expression, memory and judgment.
Parietal Lobe
The parietal lobe is behind the frontal lobe and above the temporal lobe. It is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and
Mg/561 Organizational Structure
Date: January 18, 2013
To: MG 561 Class
From: Jessica Rushing
Subject: "Organizational Structure"
Introduction:
Organizational structure provides the framework of an organization determining how roles and responsibilities are delegated throughout the different levels of the organization. It has been defined by some as the looking glass through which coworkers see their organization and its surrounding environment while others have described structure as the backbone of the organization. In this memo, I will briefly discuss the importance of organizational structure, give examples of some major organizational structures, and provide factors influencing the choice of organizational structure.
Importance of Organizational...show more content...
For organizations which produce standardized goods and services, a functional service is beneficial. Within this structure, employees perform very specialized tasks (Naoum, 2001). For example, an engineering department would be staffed with only software engineers. Divisional structures, also known as product structures, groups each function into a division. Automobile industries typically use this divisional structure. Within this industry, divisions may include: SUVs, subcompact cars, and sedans. Although not discussed in detail in this memo, other organizational structures include: organizational circle, team, network, lattice, and virtual ("Organizational Structure", 2013).
Factors influencing the choice of Organizational Structure
The following factors can affect the type of structure which an organization may use: strategy, characteristics, management, operation, and environment. Strategy is the most important factor influencing type of structure. According to Phillips and Gulley in their book Organizational Behavior: Tools for Success, higher performance will be achieved if structure and strategy are directly related). Organizational characteristics include the age and size of the organization. If the organization is small, there is less need for formal structure as communication
My Family Structure
I grew up in a nuclear family. There are four people in my family, consists of my father, mother, my sister and me. My father is 62 years old. He's working as a insurance agent. My mother is 10 years younger than my father. She used to work as a store manager before she gave birth to me. She quitted her job in order to take care of me and my sister because she believes that the mother daughter bond can grow stronger day by day by spending time with us. My sisters and I are four years apart. She is currently studying in Tsun Jin Independent School. Even though we fought a lot growing, got mad at each other, but she is still my one and only sister and that's all that matters. I think is normal for siblings to fight despite the age difference...show more content...
I am also aware of my role as a student, studying and doing the best I can to score in my exams so that in the future I may provide a higher living standard to my family. For my sister, apart from also being a student like myself, she basically carries the role of the helper at home. Unlike myself, she spends a lot of time at home with mom while I'm out doing assignments and juggling college life. By spending a lot of time at home, she spends more time with my mom, helping her with house chores. With all these roles, comes rules as well, my parents have always given my sister and I curfews. It is understandable because of all the crime rates shooting sky high these days, our parents just wants us to be safe. Another important rule set by my parents is that all family members must have dinner together. This is so that all of us can have our bonding time as a family. Communication is the knot that ties it all and it is no doubt the most important thing needed in any kind of relationship. For my family, the communication methods that we practice are pretty much very decent. My parents, after years and years of being together, they can understand each other very well. They can understand each other without even saying a word, just a face expression would do. My parents communicate differently as compared to when they communicate with my sister and myself. This is because of the hieratical
Structure Of Protein Essay
The Structure of Proteins
Introduction
Campbell and Farrell define proteins as polymers of amino acids that have been covalently joined through peptide bonds to form amino acid chains (61). A short amino acid chain comprising of thirty amino acids forms a peptide, and a longer chain of amino acids forms a polypeptide or a protein. Each of the amino acids making up a protein, has a fundamental design that comprises of a central carbon or alpha carbon that is bonded to a hydrogen element, an amino grouping, a carboxyl grouping, and a unique side chain or the R–group (Campbell and Farrell 61).
Proteins serve a myriad of functions whether within or outside of the cells. These functions include structural roles (cytoskeleton), transport of...show more content...
The primary protein structure can be likened to a human chain in which each person is assumed to be an amino acid and their hands viewed as the carboxyl and amino groups. The person on one end of the chain, who has a free left hand, is assumed to be the free carboxyl group. The person on the other end, who has a free right hand, is assumed to be the free amino group. Everyone in this chain has a left hand linked to somebody's right hand and a right hand linked to somebody else's left hand forming peptide bonds. The heads and legs just like the side chains and hydrogens, do not take part in the linking.
In most instances, protein molecules are usually embedded from hundreds to thousands of amino acids. A repertoire of twenty different amino acids, joined in any possible sequence allows the existence of an inconceivably large number of proteins that is infinite in nature.
2. Secondary Structure of Proteins
Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell and Farrell assert that polypeptide chains do not extend in straight lines but rather they fold in various ways and give rise to a large number of three–dimensional structures (594). This folding or conformation of amino acids in the localized regions of the polypeptide chains defines the secondary structure of proteins. The main force responsible for the secondary structure is the non–covalent
Essay about Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
MGT/230
Chipotle's Organizational Structure
The reporting structure is a very important tool in an organization. This structure is a chart that serves as a roadmap of management levels and positions. Every business has a chain of command and it is structured uniquely, depending on the organization. The structure of an organization, if not built correctly can destroy the organization just like a building with poor architecture. The blueprints clarify and build a strong foundation in which to grow or build an organization. Chipotle is a Mexican Grill Restaurant in the fast food industry that started out with one location in Colorado back in 1993. Today it has just more than 1,400 locations in the United...show more content...
Dividing the organization into divisions based on the geographic region makes it possible for each region to purchase their ingredients locally and organically. This divisional structure also allows the company to evaluate and compare the regions.
This divisional structure is very different from that of others. A functional structure is organized into departments according to the business functions. In this structure each department has its own expectations and responsibilities, they are not like that of any other department, so the tasks in each department are different from one another. In this type of structure each department is built with individuals that have the skills and expertise in relation to that department. All 1,400 plus Chipotle restaurants are owned by the same corporation. If this was not the case and some stores were franchised out, then a network structure would need to be created. A network organization looks for ways for tasks to be completed outside of the organization by outsourcing. A store that agrees to license contracts and franchises with the company would be responsible for delivering and completing the goals at the specific location; these business functions include management, employment, product ordering, etc. Chipotle would be cutting a lot of cost and making money by contributing little in return. This is the main reason an organization would choose a network type of structure. The responsible party for the
Structure and Agency Essay
Structure and agency are two theoretical terms used to explain the capacity at which we as people are able to be individuals, and to what extent those influences limit our individuality. Structure refers to the ways in which a society is organized. Agency refers to the behaviors and actions of the individuals within the social structure. Agency is limited by the structure due to cultural barriers and inequalities within the structure. In this essay, I will present an overview of why critical theorists are concerned with those inequalities, and I will further identify the problems within the system contributing to the unequal access to the public sphere, relating specifically to class and gender inequalities.
Society is highly...show more content...
As Habermas puts it "the relationship of the individual to the state has increasingly become one of client or consumer services, rather than citizen" (Roberts & Crossley, 5). Due to the limited agency (citizens' roles) within this sphere, we can conclude that the ongoing competition and negotiation for a role in the public sphere ends with strictly dominant views. In such a monarchy, ordinary citizens such as lower classes and women have limited input when debating politics among other things. The ideal of a place where all opinions are counted, so to speak, fails to provide a sense of individual identity. This is due to the fact that it is pre–destined by the state itself and then turned back to the people– telling them what they will think about particular issues; shown especially through the controlling lens of the media.
According to Marx, those who have power over society exert their control as a result of economic power and therefore determine the dominant ideologies within the superstructure model. Being the greater economical and cultural barrier, the structure provides the social world with norms, rules and beliefs pertaining to age, gender, class and one's cultural identity. Within that structure it becomes apparent that inequalities restrict your agency in terms of nationality, geographical location, class etc. In agreement with Marx, the dominant views are generally the views of the superior class; the elite. One example
Reflection Of Atom
The story of human understanding of the structure of the atom.
[1] The story of the atom is a very long one and the first theories of the atom weren't even based on experiments but conjecture of what they know already to make it make sense. [2] The first theory was made by Greek philosopher, Democritus. He came up with the word atom, He asked this question: "If you break a piece of matter in half, and then break it in half again, how many breaks will you have to make before you can break it no further? Democritus thought that it ended at some point, a smallest possible bit of matter. He called these basic matter particles, atoms". Scientists have been trying to figure out the structure of the atom since the Greek era, 2000 years had passed and no one tried to continue work on the Atom. The first theory that was based on a more scientific approach that seemed to fit was by John Dalton, an English chemist and his "Atomic Theory" in 1803. He suggested that: [3][4]"
– All matter is made of atoms.
– Atoms cannot be broken down into anything simpler.
– All the atoms of a particular element are identical to each other and different from the atoms of other elements.
– Atoms are rearranged in a chemical reaction.
– Compounds are formed when two or more different kinds of atoms join together."
However, some of his ideas about gases were incorrect, and it was hard for many years to do the experiments needed to support his theories, since technology hasn't to advanced
Essay On Business Structure
When brainstorming to start a business, it is essential to research the most efficient way to start a company and all the liabilities that can happen. Business can become successful with the right person in place and a unique idea. When making a company, it is crucial to determine the structure, which organization to start with and the liability that is involved. When taking a closer look at five different company structures Sole Proprietorship, General Partnership, Limited Partnership, S/C Corporation, and Limited Liability. Which have not honored the contract and are at risk for legal actions. The various liabilities between each owner will be discussed. Which will analyze ways to limit liability and display my future business...show more content...
Now, A partnership is formed between two individuals and the agreement should be in a contract form or writing. The next two types that are discussed are general partnership and limited partnership. Silverbrand (2008) stated Partnerships are the primary form of business which larger companies begin (p.167). Partnerships are simple to start, no required registration only within certain states, and can end quite rapidly. A general partnership is where each partner is equal to liability or any litigation consequences. In a limited partnership, the liability is limited equal to the amount the limited partners at first invested. In fact, sometimes limited partners do not make business decisions but, own stock within the company. Basically, an LLC, with its hybrid nature, "provides owners...with the limited liability protection of a corporation, but without the potential for double taxation" (Jordan & Clark, 1197). The income created from a general partnership of a business is taxed as income earned by the person working for a different company. When starting a partnership it is best to discuss the amount of liability that each partner is responsible for. Which, will help when looking at the type of litigation described.
The most recognized companies are Corporations and LLC's. According to Sonderquist (2000) Corporations are similar to limited partnerships
Structures of Proteins Essay
Proteins are polymeric chains that are built from monomers called amino acids. All structural and functional properties of proteins derive from the chemical properties of the polypeptide chain. There are four levels of protein structural organization: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Primary structure is defined as the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The secondary structure refers to certain regular geometric figures of the chain. Tertiary structure results from long–range contacts within the chain. The quaternary structure is the organization of protein subunits, or two or more independent polypeptide chains. The primary structure of a protein is simply the sequence of amino acids. The structure or...show more content...
There may also be sections where the secondary structure is neither helix nor sheet. Then the structure is called a random structure, indicating that it folds in random directions. The amino acids in an alpha helix are arranged in a right–handed helical structure resembling a spring. The alpha helix is the most common form of regular secondary structure in proteins. The beta–sheet is the second form of regular secondary structure in proteins consisting of beta strands connected laterally by three or more hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. The beta–sheet is sometimes called the beta pleated sheet since sequential neighboring atoms are alternately above and below the plane of the sheet giving a pleated appearance. Turns are the third of the three "classical" secondary structures that serve to reverse the direction of the polypeptide chain. They are located primarily on the protein surface and accordingly contain polar and charged residues. However, they are not very common in discussions of protein structure today.
The tertiary structure of a protein molecule, or of a subunit of a protein molecule, is the arrangement of all its atoms in space, without regard to its relationship with neighboring molecules or subunits. Tertiary structure is simply the grouping of different separate secondary structures, such as multiple helices or multiple sheets or a combination of helices and sheets.
The final structure of the protein is the quaternary
Family Structure Essay
A family is made up of two or more people, related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing in the same home. Society's definition of 'family' is expanding and includes single parents, blended families, unrelated individuals living cooperatively, and homosexual couples, among others. Unfortunately, family guidelines have been slow to catch up to changing trends in modern lifestyles (Crawford, 1999).
The complex family, or a family structure involving more than two adults, was prevalent before the industrial revolution. The primary component in traditional society was the group, not the individual. Individuals functioned as part of groups in such a way that their lives were greatly influenced by the group even more so than by...show more content...
China's ongoing economic revolution has had a profound impact not only on China but on the world. The market oriented reforms China has implemented over the past two decades have made way for individual inventiveness and entrepreneurship. The result has been the largest decline of poverty and one of the fastest increases in income levels ever recorded. China today is the third largest economy in the world, and is projected to pass Japan to become second largest by the end of 2010 (Hamlin, 2010). It has sustained average economic growth of over 9.5% for the past 26 years (Department of State, 2010). In 2009 its $4.814 trillion economy was about one third the size of the U.S. economy (Department of State, 2010). U.S. exporters maintain concerns about protection of intellectual property rights, fair market admittance due to strict testing and standards requirements for some imported products, and policies appearing to pursue import replacement. In addition, a lack of simplicity in the regulatory process complicates the process for businesses to plan changes in the domestic market structure.
One of the severe harmful consequences of China's rapid industrial development has been increased pollution and deprivation of natural resources. China surpassed the U.S. as the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide in 2007 (Harrabin, 2008). Almost all of the nation's rivers are considered polluted to
Lewis Structure
Drawing a Lewis Structure
Lewis structure is the structure of a molecule in which dots are used to show the electron position around the atoms that make up the molecule.
In order to produce the Lewis structure of a molecule, there are certain steps one needs to follow (they are five (5) in number). Basically what I will do is to use the molecule methane (CH4) as example to show you how to draw the Lewis structure of any molecule.
First Step
In order to produce the Lewis structure of methane, the first step is to count and determine the total valence electron present in methane (or any molecule of interest). Methane is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms (CH4). The valence of carbon is 4 and that of hydrogen is 1. Since we have four...show more content...
Checking the octet rule means counting the number of pair electrons around carbon to know if they are up to eight. If yes, it means that we have our final Lewis structure. If no, it takes is to step five. Looking at the second figure above, the octet rule is satisfied. This means that the final Lewis structure of methane is:
Fifth Step
If octet rule is not satisfied, and more electrons remain to be shared, move one electron per bond per atom to make another bond. An example is given below for CO2 molecule:
(Source: http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/lewisdots.html)
Isomer Questions
Isomers in organic chemistry are compounds that have the same molecular formula but with different structural formulas.
(1) Pentane is isomer. Its molecular formula is: C5H12. Other compounds that have this same molecular formula are: 2–methylbutane and 2,2–dimethylpropane. These three compounds have different structural formulas (see below):
(2) 2–methylbutane is an isomer. See above, it is an isomer of Pentane.
(3) 2,3–dimethylbutane is an isomer of hexane. Their molecular formula is: C6H14. Their structural formulas are shown below:
CH3(CH2)4CH3 for hexane and CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3 for 2,3–dimethylbutane.
(4) 2,2–dimethylpropane is an isomer of pentane. See above.
(5) 1–hexene is also an isomer. For further information consult the following site: http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R97406
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The Structure of the Universe Essay
The way in which we currently view the structure of the universe has been developed throughout centuries by various astronomers whose predictions and observations have all aided in the development of this model.
Aristotle based his model of the universe on Pythagorean theory which described the Earth as a sphere. His claims of a round Earth were reinforced by three observations. The first of these was that all Earthly matter moved towards the centre of the Earth, and this would consequently produce a sphere. The second observation was that if the Earth was flat, then lunar eclipses would not portray segments which possessed a curved outline. The last of these observations claimed that if or when a person travels North or South, they do...show more content...
This model also possesses weaknesses such as the assumed geocentric arrangement of the universe, the belief that only five elements existed and the use of epicycles to explain the observed retrograde motion of the planets. The accuracy and development of this model was limited due to the lack of technology and the mere use of the naked eye.
In 1514, Nicolaus Copernicus put forth a proposition of a heliocentric model of the universe. This placed the sun near the centre of the universe and at the centre of the celestial orbits of each of the planets, including Earth which orbited around the Sun in perfect circles. Copernicus further hypothesised that the Earth makes one rotation on its axis daily and one around the Sun annually. Furthermore, he claimed that the Earth's axis was not perpendicular to the plane on which it orbited. This not only accounted for the reasoning of seasons, it also accounted for the seemingly retrograde motions of all of the planets. This model of the universe was strengthened by its correct assumption of the Sun as the centre of celestial orbits and also the idea that the Earth spun on its own axis whilst rotating about to sun. It was also strong in that it could predict planetary positioning based upon how long it took for each planet to circle the Sun once. In addition, the apparent retrograde movement of the planets was explained while preserving the concept of perfect, uniform, circular motion of